Behavioural Disorders of Children

It is normal for children to be defiant or act out occasionally. However, when a child's behaviour is persistently hostile, defiant, and aggressive to a degree that it disrupts their family life, friendships, and school performance, it may be a sign of a behavioural disorder. Conditions like Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder are more than just "bad behaviour"—they are complex issues that cause significant distress for both the child and the family. With early and expert intervention, these behaviours can be managed, helping your child get back on a healthier developmental path.

Understanding Childhood Behavioural Disorders

• Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Characterized by a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour, and vindictiveness lasting at least six months. Children with ODD are often stubborn, hostile, and uncooperative with authority figures.
• Conduct Disorder (CD): A more severe condition involving a persistent pattern of behaviour in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. This can include aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules.

Causes and Risk Factors There is no single cause, but a combination of factors often contributes:

• Genetics: A family history of mental illness or substance abuse can increase risk.
• Temperament: Children who are naturally more difficult, irritable, or have trouble regulating emotions may be more prone.
• Environment: Exposure to harsh or inconsistent parenting, child abuse or neglect, family conflict, and peer rejection can all play a significant role.
• Co-occurring Conditions: ODD and CD often coexist with other conditions like ADHD, anxiety, depression, and learning disabilities.

Recognizing the Signs: Symptoms of ODD and CD Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD):

• Frequent temper tantrums
• Actively defies or refuses to comply with requests from adults
• Deliberately annoys others
• Blames others for their own mistakes or misbehaviour
• Is often angry, resentful, and spiteful

Conduct Disorder (CD):

• Bullying, threatening, or intimidating others
• Initiating physical fights
• Being physically cruel to people or animals
• Stealing or lying to obtain goods or favors
• Truancy from school or running away from home

Paths to Improvement: Treatment and Intervention Early intervention is key. Treatment is multifaceted and often involves the entire family.

• Parent Management Training (PMT): Teaches parents effective ways to manage their child’s behaviour, use positive reinforcement, and set consistent, appropriate discipline. This is a cornerstone of treatment.
• Individual Therapy: For the child, therapies like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) can help them learn to manage anger, solve problems, and improve social skills.
• Family Therapy: Improves communication and problem-solving skills within the family, helping to create a more supportive home environment.
• Medication: While there is no specific medication for ODD or CD, a psychiatrist may prescribe medication to treat co-occurring conditions like ADHD or depression.

How We Can Help at Ray Of Hope (Asha Ra Kiran) Our child and adolescent psychiatric team in Bhubaneswar is experienced in diagnosing and treating behavioural disorders. We believe in a family-centered approach to restore peace and healthy functioning.

• Expert Child Psychiatric Evaluation: We conduct a thorough assessment of your child to get an accurate diagnosis and identify any co-occurring conditions.
• Family-Centered Treatment Plans: We design interventions that involve and empower you, the parents, as agents of change.
• Evidence-Based Therapies: We provide individual therapy for your child and crucial parent management training and family counseling.
• School Collaboration: We can work with your child's school to help create a consistent and supportive environment across all settings.

You are not alone in this struggle. We are here to provide the expert guidance and support your family needs. Contact Ray Of Hope in Bhubaneswar to schedule a consultation with our child psychiatry team.